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Likely, this fourth way will eventually manage to establish its own view as the generally accepted view, and then over time become the first way as science and society develop. The fourth way would be to allow the public to chose the service provider best for them based on their principles and values and not the ideological biases of government or civic officials. For instance, in political systems the first way might be for a government to make public services based on the involvement of private sector firms, the second way using public sector organisations, and the third way to use a Public–private partnership. The Fourth WayĬoined by Pluralist Party leader Jonathan Bishop, the Fourth Way is meant to represent a particular approach to pluralist integrated bargaining where one finds two opposing view points, the third way compromise between them, and then a fourth way which takes the best parts of the first and second ways which dismisses all the conclusions of the third way. Horace Kallen coined the term cultural pluralism to express the condition of a democratic nation which sustained, and was sustained by, many cultural traditions. Cole, as well as other leading members of the British Fabian Society. An earlier version of political pluralism was a strong current in the formation of modern social democracy, with theorists such as Harold Laski and G. Proponents in contemporary political philosophy of such a view include Isaiah Berlin, Stuart Hampshire and Bernard Williams. Instead, the scope and content of the common good can only be found out in and after the process of negotiation ( a posteriori).
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This implies that in a pluralistic framework, the common good is not given a priori. Pluralism is connected with the hope that this process of conflict and dialogue will lead to a definition and subsequent realization of the common good that is best for all members of society.
#PLURALISM POLITICS DEFINITION SERIES#
This relies, to a degree, on a series of disturbances changing the influences of groups so as to avoid institutional dominance and ensure competition.
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He posits that to avoid factionalism, it is best to allow many competing factions to prevent any one dominating the political system. Madison feared that factionalism would lead to in-fighting in the new American republic and devotes this paper to questioning how best to avoid such an occurrence. One of the earliest arguments for pluralism came from James Madison in The Federalist Papers #10. Unlike totalitarianism or particularism, pluralism acknowledges the diversity of interests and considers it imperative that members of society accommodate their differences by engaging in good-faith negotiation. In this context it has normative connotations absent from its use to denote a theoretical standpoint. In democratic politics, pluralism is a guiding principle which permits the peaceful coexistence of different interests, convictions and lifestyles. For information on the political theory of pluralism see Pluralism (political theory).
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The term pluralism is also used to denote a theoretical standpoint on state and power - which to varying degrees suggest that pluralism is an adequate model of how power is distributed in societies. In politics, pluralism is often considered by proponents of modern democracy to be in the interests of its citizens, and so political pluralism is one of its most important features. The concept is used, often in different ways, in a wide range of issues. Pluralism is, in the general sense, the acknowledgment of diversity. For other uses see Pluralism (disambiguation). For the theory that political power in society does not lie with the electorate but is distributed between a wide number of groups, see Pluralism (political theory). This article is about pluralism in politics as acknowledgment of diversity.